In the north-east of Brazil, the last decades have seen an unfamiliar phenomenon: the rise of ‘new’ indigenous groups in areas that were long considered as
‘acculturated’ by both the state and public opinion. In their pursuit to be recognized
by the authorities and by fellow non-Indian citizens, these ‘re-emerging’ Indians have continually carried out a peculiar re-construction of their ‘image’ as Indians, torn between romantic ideas of Indianness and the demand to integrate fully within national society. Drawing on recent fi eldwork experience with a group of Pataxó Indians in the state of Bahia, the article discusses how the visual-anthropological method of participatory video can be used as a means of refl ecting on the importance of images within identity-formation processes of minority groups. By producing a video about the tourists who visit their Indian village and nature reserve, the Pataxó came to question the stereotypic use of images and the relation between the Other’s notion and their own representation of ‘Indianness’.
